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·¢ÐÅÈË: wshu (Ê÷ÉÏµÄÀÏ»¢), ÐÅÇø: Unix
±ê  Ìâ: UNIX FAQ ÖÐÎÄ°æ(Áù)
·¢ÐÅÕ¾: BBS Ë®Ä¾Çå»ªÕ¾ (Mon May 19 10:21:19 1997)

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       6.1)  ÉùÃ÷£¬½éÉÜ¼°¸ÐÐ»¡£
       6.2)  Unix ¼òÊ·
       6.3)  Ö÷ÒªµÄ Unix Á÷ÅÉ
       6.4)  Unix µÄ±ê×¼»¯
       6.5)  ÄãËùÓÃµÄ Unix ÊÇÄÄÒ»ÖÖÁ÷ÅÉ¡£
       6.6)  Çë¼òÒª½éÉÜÒ»Ð©ÖªÃûµÄ (ÉÌÒµ»¯/PD) Unix
       6.7)  ¼´Ê±µÄ Unix
       6.8)  Unix ÓÃÓï»ã±à


6.1)  ÉùÃ÷£¬½éÉÜ¼°¸ÐÐ»¡£

     ÎÒ²¢ÎÞ·¨±£Ö¤ÒÔÏÂÄÚÈÝµÄÍêÕûÐÔ¼°ÕýÈ·ÐÔ¡£ÎÒÖ»ÊÇÀûÓÃÓÐÏÞµÄÊ±¼ä¾¡Á¿È¥×ö
     £¨³£Åöµ½»¥Ïà³åÍ»µÄ×ÊÁÏ£©£¬Î´À´»¹ÓÐºÜ¶àÒª×ö¡£ÎÒÏ£ÍûÄÜ³ÖÐø¸Ä½øÕâ·ÝÎÄ
     ¼þ¡£»¶ÓÄúµÄÅúÆÀÓëÖ¸½Ì£ºlew@bnr.ca¡£

     Ê×ÏÈÈÃÎÒÃÇÏÈÎª UNIX ÏÂ¸ö¼ò¶ÌµÄ¶¨Òå¡£ÎÒÃÇËùÌáµÄ Unix Ö¸µÄÊÇÒ»¸öÍ¨
     ³£ÊÇÓÉ C Ð´³ÉµÄ×÷ÒµÏµÍ³£¬ËüÓÐ½×²ãÊ½µÄµµ°¸ÏµÍ³£¬Í³ºÏÁËµµ°¸ºÍ×°ÖÃ(device)
     I/O£¬ÆäÏµÍ³º¯Ê½ºô½Ð£¨system call£©½éÃæ°üº¬ÁËÈç fork()£¬pipe() µÈ·þÎñ£¬
     ¶øÇÒËüµÄÊ¹ÓÃÕß½éÃæ°üº¬ cc£¬troff£¬grep£¬awk Ö®ÀàµÄ¹¤¾ß¼°Ä³Ò»ÖÖ
     shell¡£UNIX ¹ýÈ¥ÊÇ USL(AT&T) µÄ×¢²áÉÌ±ê£¬ÏÖÔÚÔòÊÇ X/Open µÄ×¢²á
     ÉÌ±ê¡£±¾ÎÄËùÖ¸µÄ UNIX ÊÇÒ»°ãÍ¨ÓÃµÄÒâÒå£¬¶ø²»ÊÇÄÇ¸ö×¢²áÉÌ±ê¡£

     ¾ø´ó¶àÊýµÄ Unix »ò¶à»òÉÙ¶¼ÓÃÁËÀ´×Ô AT&T£¨ÏÖÔÚÔòÊÇ Novell£©µÄ³ÌÊ½
     Âë£¨´ó²¿·ÖµÄ Unix ÀïÃæ¿ÉÄÜ¶¼»¹ÓÐÊ¹ÓÃµÚÒ»°æ C ÓïÑÔËùÐ´µÄ³ÌÊ½£©£¬
     µ«ÊÇÒ²ÓÐÐ©ÊÇ×Ô¼º´ÓÍ·Ð´Ò»¸öÒ»Ä£Ò»ÑùµÄ Unix¡££¨¾ÍÊÇÐ´µÃºÍ Unix ÍêÈ«
     ÏàÈÝµ«ÊÇÈ´Ã»ÓÐÓÃµ½ AT&T µÄ³ÌÊ½Âë¡££©

     ´ËÍâ»¹ÓÐÒ»Ð©½¨¹¹ÓÚ±ðÖÖ OS ÉÏµÄ Unix-like »·¾³£¬ÀýÈç VOS£»ÒÔ¼°Ïò UNIX
     ½èÓÃÁé¸ÐµÄµÄ OS£¬ÀýÈç MS-DOS¡£ÕâÐ©¶¼²»ÔÚ±¾ÎÄµÄÌÖÂÛ·¶Î§Àï¡£¶Ô¼´Ê±£¨
     real-time£©µÄ Unix ±¾ÎÄÒ²ÌÖÂÛµÃ²»¶à¡£

     UNIX µÄÁ÷ÅÉÊµÔÚ¶àµÃÁîÈËÄÑÒÔÖÃÐÅ¡£Ö÷ÒªµÄÔÒòÊÇÒòÎª Unix µÄÔÊ¼³ÌÊ½ÈÝÒ×
     È¡µÃ¡¢ÐÞ¸ÄÓëÒÆÖ²¡£Ò»°ã³§ÉÌµÄµäÐÍ×÷·¨ÊÇÒÔÄ³Ò»Á÷ÅÉÎªÖ÷ÌåÔÙ¼ÓÈëÆäËûÁ÷
     ÅÉµÄÌØÉ«¡£Èç´ËÒ»À´ÓÖ²úÉúÁËÁíÒ»¸öÐÂµÄÁ÷ÅÉ¡£Ä¿Ç° Unix ÓÐÊý°Ù¿î£¬Èç¹û
     ËµÓÐÒ»ÖÖ¿Éµ±³É¹çô«µÄ»°,ÄÇÓ¦¸ÃÊÇ System V °É¡£

     ±¾ÎÄµÄÄÚÈÝ´ó²¿·ÝÈ¡×ÔÓÚÍøÂ·ÉÏÁ÷´«µÄ×ÊÑ¶¡£Èç¹ûÈ¡×ÔÆäËûÀ´Ô´,Ôò»áÔÚÊÊµ±µÄÕÂ
     ½ÚÖÐ¼ÓÒÔËµÃ÷¡£

     ÌØ±ð¸ÐÐ»£ºpat@bnr.ca,guy@auspex.com, pen@lysator.liu.se,
     mikes@ingres.com,mjd@saul.cis.upenn.edu, root%candle.uucp@ls.com,
     ee@atbull.bull.co.at, Aaron_Dailey@stortek.com, ralph@dci.pinetree.org,
     sbdah@mcshh.hanse.de,macmach@andrew.cmu.edu, jwa@alw.nih.gov[4.4BSD],
     roeber@axpvms.cern.ch,bob@pta.pyramid.com.au,bad@flatlin.ka.sub.org,
     m5@vail.tivoli.com,dan@fch.wimsey.bc.ca, jlbrand@uswnvg.com,
     jpazer@usl.com,ym@satelnet.org,merritt@gendev.slc.paramax.com,
     quinlan@ygg.drasil.com,steve@rudolph.ssd.csd.harris.com,
     bud@heinous.isca.uiowa.edu,pcu@umich.edu,quinlan@yggdrasil.com,
     Dan_Menchaca@quickmail.apple.com,D.Lamptey@sheffield.ac.uk,
     derekn@vw.ece.cmu.edu, gordon@PowerOpen.org, Ðí¶àÎÒÍüÁËÃû×ÖµÄÈË£¬
     ÒÔ¼°Ðí¶àÎÒÔø°Ý¶ÁËûÃÇÎÄÕÂµÄÈË¡£


6.2)  Unix ¼òÊ·

     Unix µÄÀúÊ·¿ªÊ¼ÓÚ 1969£¬Ken Thompson¡¢Dennis Ritchie (K&R ÀïµÄÄÇ¸ö
     R) ÓëÒ»ÈºÈËÔÚÒ»²¿¡ºÎ»ÓÚ½ÇÂäÇÒ·¦ÈËÎÊ½òµÄ PDP-7¡»ÉÏ½øÐÐµÄÒ»Ð©¹¤
     ×÷£¬ºóÀ´Õâ¸öÏµÍ³±ä³ÉÁË Unix¡£"UNIX" Õâ¸ö×Ö£¨×î³õÊÇÐ´³É Unics,
     Uniplexed Information and Computering System)ÓÐÒ»µãÍæÅª "Multics" Õâ¸ö×Ö
     µÄÒâÎ¶¡£

     ×î³õÊ®Äê¼ä£¬Unix µÄ·¢Õ¹»ù±¾ÉÏ¶¼ÊÇÔÚ Bell Labs ÀïÍê³ÉµÄ¡£×î³õµÄ¼¸¸ö
     °æ±¾³ÆÎª "Version n" »ò "Nth Edition" £¬ÊÇ¸ø DEC µÄ PDP-11(16 bits) Óë
     ÆäÏÂÒ»´ú²úÆ· Vax(32 bits)ÓÃµÄ¡£Ö÷ÒªµÄ¼¸¸ö°æ±¾Îª£º

     V1 (1971):  µÚÒ»°æµÄ Unix£¬ÒÔ PDP-11/20 µÄ×éºÏÓïÑÔÐ´³É¡£°üÀ¨µµ°¸ÏµÍ³
         (file system)¡¢fork()¡¢roff¡¢ed µÈ¶«Î÷¡£ÊÇÓÃÀ´¸ø AT&T µÄ×¨Àû²¿ÃÅ
         ´¦ÀíÎÄ¼þÓÃµÄ¡£Pipe() ³öÏÖÓÚ V2¡£

     V4 (1973):  ÒÔ C ÓïÑÔ´ÓÍ·Ð´¹ý£¬Õâ»òÐíÊÇ OS ÀúÊ·ÉÏ×îÖØÒªµÄÒ»¸öÊÂ
         ¼þ£¬Õâ±íÊ¾ Unix ÐÞ¸ÄÈÝÒ×£¬¿ÉÒÔ¼¸¸öÔÂÄÚÒÆÖ²µ½ÐÂµÄÓ²Ìå¼Ü¹¹ÉÏ¡£×î
         ³õ C ÓïÑÔÊÇÎª Unix Éè¼ÆµÄ£¬ËùÒÔ C Óë Unix ¼äÓÐ½ôÃÜµÄ¹ØÏµ¡£

     V6 (1975):  µÚÒ»¸öÔÚ Bell Labs Íâ£¨ÓÈÆäÊÇ´óÑ§ÖÐ£©¹ãÎªÁ÷´«µÄ Unix °æ
         ±¾¡£ÕâÒ²ÊÇ Unix ÆçÒìµÄÆðµãÓë¹ãÊÜ»¶ÓµÄ¿ªÊ¼¡£1.xBSD(PDP-11) ¾Í
         ÊÇÓÉÕâ¸ö°æ±¾ÑÜÉú³öÀ´µÄ¡£J. Lions µÄ¡°A Commentary on the Unix
         Operating System" Ò²ÊÇÒÔ V6 Îª±¾¡£

     V7 (1979):  ÔÚÐí¶à Unix Íæ¼ÒµÄÐÄÄ¿ÖÐ,ÕâÊÇ¡º×îºóÒ»¸öÕæÕýµÄ UNIX¡»£¬
         Ò²ÊÇ¡º¿ÕÇ°¾øºóµÄÒ»¸ö Unix¡»[Bourne ËµµÄ]£¬Õâ¸ö°æ±¾°üÀ¨Ò»¸öÍêÕû
         K&R C¡¢Bourne shell¡£V7 ÒÆÖ²µ½ VAX ÉÏ³ÆÎª 32V¡£ V7 µÄ kernel
         Ö»ÓÐ 40 Kbytes£¡

     µ×ÏÂÁÐ³ö V7 µÄÏµÍ³ºô½Ð,¹©¡¸ºó½øÖ®±²¡¹ÃÇÆ¾µõÕ°Ñö£º
         _exit, access, acct, alarm, brk, chdir, chmod, chown,
         chroot, close, creat, dup, dup2, exec*, exit, fork, fstat,

         ftime, getegid, geteuid, getgid, getpid, getuid, gtty,
         indir, ioctl, kill, link, lock, lseek, mknod, mount,
         mpxcall, nice, open, pause, phys, pipe, pkoff, pkon,
         profil, ptrace, read, sbrk, setgid, setuid, signal, stat,
         stime, stty, sync, tell, time, times, umask, umount,
         unlink, utime, wait, write.

     ÒÔÉÏÕâÐ© "Vn" °æ¶¼ÊÇÓÉ Bell Labs ÀïÄ Computer Research Group(CRG)
     ·¢Õ¹µÄ¡£ÁíÒ»¸öUnix Support Group(USG) ¸ºÔðÖ§Ô®·þÎñ¡£Bell Labs Àï»¹
     ÓÐÁíÒ»¸öÓë Unix ·¢Õ¹Ïà¹ØµÄÍÅÌå Programmer's WorkBench(PWB) Ôò×ö³ö
     ÁË sccs¡¢named pipe ¼°Ò»Ð©ÆäËüµÄ¶«Î÷¡£USG Óë PWB ºóÀ´ÓÚ 1983 Äê
     ºÏ²¢³É Unix System Developement Lab¡£

     ´ËÍâ Bell Labs ÔÚ Columbus µÄ·ÖÖ§»ú¹¹£¬¸ºÔð·¢Õ¹ Operations Support
     System Ò²×öÁËÒ»°æµÄ Unix ³ÆÎª CB Unix (Columbus Unix)¡£System V IPC
     ¾ÍÊÇ´Ó CB Unix À´µÄ¡£

     µ½ÁË1980 Äê´ú Bell labs Î´·ÅÆú Unix¡£CRG ÈÔ¼ÌÐø·¢Õ¹ V ÏµÁÐµÄ
     Unix (Stroustrrup ÔÚËüµÄ C++ µÚ¶þ°æÀï¾ÍÌáµ½ÁË V10)£¬²»¹ý²¢Î´¶ÔÍâ·¢
     ±í¡£Ä¿Ç°·¢Õ¹ Unix(System V) µÄ¹«Ë¾ÊÇ Unix System Laboratories(USL)¡£
     USL ±¾Îª AT&T ËùÓÐ£¬'93 Äê³õ±» Novell ÊÕ¹º¡£Novell ÓÚ '93 ÄêÄ©½«
     "UNIX" Õâ¸ö×¢²áÉÌ±ê×ª¸ø X/Open¡£

     ³ýÁË AT&T ËùÊôµÄ»ú¹¹Íâ£¬ÓÐ²»ÉÙµØ·½Ò²¶Ô Unix µÄ¸Ä½ø×ö³öÁË¹±Ï×£¬Àý
     Èç Berkeley ¾Í×Ô³ÉÒ»´óÁ÷ÅÉ¡£ÓÐ²»ÉÙ³§ÉÌ£¨ÓÈÆäÊÇÂô¹¤×÷Õ¾µÄ£©Ò²¶Ô Unix
     µÄ·¢Õ¹ÓÐËù¹±Ï×£¨Èç Sun µÄ NFS)¡£

     ¶ÔÈÎºÎ¶Ô Unix ÓÐÐËÈ¤µÄÈË¶øÑÔ Don Libes Óë Sandy Ressler ËùÐ´µÄ "Life
     with Unix" ÊÇÒ»±¾ÓÐÈ¤µÄÊé¡£´ËÊé½²ÁËÐí¶à Unix µÄÀúÊ·Óë·¢Õ¹¼°Ò»Ð©éó
     ÊÂ¡£±¾ÎÄ¶à²É´ËÊéÖ®Ëµ¡£

     /* Òë×¢: Life with Unix ÔÚÌ¨Íå²¢Ã»ÓÐÊé¾Ö´úÀí½ø¿Ú, ·Ç³£¿ÉÏ§£¡
        Õâ±¾ÊéÀïÃæÓÐºÜ¶à¹ØÓÚ Unix µÄ¹ÊÊÂ, ÓÐÐËÈ¤¿ÉÒÔÀ´ÎÒÃÇÕâ¶ùÅÝÅÝ²è,
        ¿´¿´Õâ±¾¹ÊÊÂÊé */


6.3)  Ö÷ÒªµÄ Unix Á÷ÅÉ

     Ä¿Ç°ÎªÖ¹£¬UNIX ÓÐÁ½´óÁ÷ÅÉ£ºÄÇ¾ÍÊÇ AT&T µÄ System V (¶Á five, ²»¶Á v)
     Óë BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution)¡£SVR4 ÊÇÁ½´óÁ÷ÅÉÈÚºÏºóµÄ²úÎï¡£
     '91 Äêµ×£¬Óë System V Õë·æÏà¶ÔµÄ Open Software Foundation ÍÆ³öÁË OSF/1£¬
     »òÐí OSF/1 »á¸Ä±äÊÐ³¡ÉúÌ¬¡£

     /* Òë×¢£ºÓÉ½ñÈÕ('95)¹ÛÖ®£¬OSF/1 Ó¦¸ÃÊÇÎÞ·¨ÌôÕ½ System V ÁË */

     ÒÔÏÂÊÇ System V¡¢BSD¡¢OSF/1 µÄÖ÷Òª°æ±¾ÒÔ¼°ÌØÉ«¡£

     AT&T µÄ System £Ö¡£Intel ÏµÁÐµÄ»úÆ÷¶à°ëÊ¹ÓÃ´ËÏµÁÐ¡£ÒÆÖ²°æ±¾×î¶àµÄ Unix£¬
     µ±È»ÔÚÒÆÖ²Ê±¶¼»á¼ÓÈëÒ»Ð©ÓÉ BSD ·¢Õ¹µÄÓÐÓÃ¹¦ÄÜ,ÀýÈç csh¡¢job control¡¢
     termcap¡¢curses¡¢vi¡¢symbolic link¡£Ä¿Ç° System V µÄ·¢Õ¹ÊÇÓÉ Unix
     International(UI) ¸ºÔð¼à¿Ø¡£UI µÄ³ÉÔ±°üÀ¨ AT&T¡¢Sun µÈ¡£
     ÍøÂ·ÌÖÂÛÇø: comp.unix.sysv[23]86¡£Ö÷Òª°æ±¾:

          - System III (1982): AT&T µÚÒ»¸öÄÃÀ´ÂôÇ®µÄ UNIX
            - FIFOs (named pipes)  (later?)

          - System V (1983):
            - IPC package (shm, msg, sem)

          - SVR2 (1984):
            - shell º¯Êý (sh)
            - SVID (System V Interface Definition)

          - SVR3 (1986) for ? platforms:
            - STREAMS (´Ó V8 µÃÀ´µÄÁé¸Ð), poll(), TLI (ÍøÂ·ÈíÌå)
            - RFS
            - ¹²ÓÃ³ÌÊ½¿â£¨shared libs£©
            - SVID 2
            - demand paging (Èç¹ûÓ²ÌåÓÐÖ§Ô®µÄ»°)

          - SVR3.2:
            - ²¢Èë Xenix (Intel 80386)
            - ÍøÂ·

          - SVR4 (1988), ÈÚºÏÁË System V¡¢BSD¡¢SunOS ÊÇ¸÷ÖÖ UNIX ÖÐ
            µÄÖ÷Á÷
            - È¡×Ô SVR3 Õß: ÏµÍ³¹ÜÀí, terminal ½çÃæ, Ó¡±í»ú (from BSD?),
              RFS, STREAMS, uucp
            - È¡×Ô BSD Õß: FFS, TCP/IP, sockets, select(), csh
            - È¡×Ô SunOS Õß: NFS, OpenLook GUI, X11/NeWS,
              ¾ßÓÐ¼ÇÒäÌåÓ³¶Ôµµ°¸µÄÐéÄâ¼ÇÒäÌå×ÓÏµÍ³£¨virtual memory
              subsystem with memory-mapped files£©, ¹²ÓÃ³ÌÊ½¿â
              (!= SVR3 ones?)
            - ksh
            - ANSI C
            - ¹ú¼Ê»¯£¨Internationalization£© (8-bit clean)
            - ABI (Application Binary Interface -- routines instead of traps)
            - POSIX, X/Open, SVID3

          - SVR4.1
            - ·ÇÍ¬²½ I/O (from SunOS?)

          - SVR4.2 (based on SVR4.1ES)
            - Veritas FS, ACLs
            - ¶¯Ì¬ÔØÈëºËÐÄÄ£×é

          - Future:

            - SVR4 MP (¶à´¦ÀíÆ÷)
            - Ê¹ÓÃ Chorus Î¢ºËÐÄ?

     Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD)¡£VAX¡¢RISC¡¢¸÷Ê½¹¤×÷Õ¾¶àÓÃÖ®¡£
     ±ÈÆð System V À´ BSD µÄ±ä¶¯±È½Ï¿ì¶øÇÒÑ§ÊõÑÐ¾¿µÄÎ¶µÀ±È½ÏÅ¨Ò»µã¡£
     Unix Ö®ËùÒÔÄÜ¹»Á÷ÐÐ,BSD ¾Ó¹¦ãÚÎ°¡£Ðí¶à¶Ô Unix µÄ¼ÓÇ¿¸Ä½ø¶¼ÊÇÓÉ
     BSD ÏÈ×ö³öÀ´µÄ¡£ÔÚ UCB (University of California at Berkeley) ÖÐ¸ºÔð BSD
     µÄÊÇ Computer System Research Group(CSRG)¡£CSRG ÒÑÓÚ 1992 Äê¹ØÃÅ´ó¼ª¡£
     ÍøÂ·ÌÖÂÛÇø: comp.unix.bsd¡£Ö÷ÒªµÄ°æ±¾ÈçÏÂ£º

          - 2.xBSD (1978) ¸ø PDP-11 ÓÃµÄ, Õâ¸öÏµÍ³ºÃÏñ»¹»îÖøµÄÑù×Ó(1992
            »¹ÍÆ³öÁË 2.11BSD!).
            - csh

          - 3BSD (1978):
            - ÐéÄâ¼ÇÒäÌå

          - 4.?BSD:
            - termcap, curses
            - vi

          - 4.0BSD (1980):

          - 4.1BSD (?): ºóÀ´ AT&T CRG °æ±¾½ÔÒÔ´ËÎª±¾
            - job ¿ØÖÆ
            - automatic kernel config
            - vfork()

          - 4.2BSD (1983):
            - TCP/IP, sockets, ethernet
            - UFS: ³¤µµÃû, symbolic links
            - ÐÂµÄ reliable signals (SVR3 ²ÉÓÃÁË 4.1 µÄ reliable signals)
            - select()

          - 4.3BSD (1986) for VAX, ?:
          - 4.3 Tahoe (1988): 4.3BSD ¸½¼Ó¶Ô Tahoe(Ò»¿î32Î»ÔªµÄ³¬¼¶ÃÔÄãµçÄÔ)
            µÄÖ§Ô®¼°Ò»Ð©ÐÂ¶«Î÷
            - Fat FFS
            - ÐÂµÄ TCP ÑÝËã·¨
          - 4.3 Reno (1990) for VAX, Tahoe, HP 9000/300:
            - ´ó²¿·ÝµÄ P1003.1
            - NFS (from Sun)
            - MFS (¼ÇÒäÌåµµ°¸ÏµÍ³)
            - OSI: TP4, CLNP, ISODE's FTAM, VT and X.500;  SLIP
            - Kerberos

          - Net1 (?) Óë Net2 (June 1991) ´Å´ø: BSD ÖÐ²»ÇÖ·¸ USL °æÈ¨µÄ²¿·Ý

          - 4.4BSD (alpha June 1992) for HP 9000/300, Sparc, 386, DEC, others;
            ÒÑ¾²»Ö§Ô® VAX Óë Tahoe; ÓÐÁ½¸ö°æ±¾, Ò»¸öÊÇ lite (´óÔ¼ÊÇ Net2 µÄ
            ÄÚÈÝ,¼ÓÉÏÐÞÕýÓëÐÂµÄ¼Ü¹¹); ÁíÒ»¸öÊÇ encumbered (ÄÚÈÝÒ»Ó¦¾ãÈ«,µ«Ðè
            USL ÊÚÈ¨):
            - ÒÔ Mach 2.5 Îª»ù´¡µÄÐÂÐÍÐéÄâ¼ÇÒäÌåÏµÍ³ (VMS),
            - ÐéÄâµµ°¸ÏµÍ³½éÃæ, log-structured µµ°¸ÏµÍ³, ±¾µØµµ°¸ÏµÍ³
              µÄ´óÐ¡¿É´ï 2^63, NFS (¿ÉÒÔÃâ·ÑÁ÷´«,¿ÉÒÔ¸ú Sun µÄ NFS ²¢´æ,
              ¼ÜÔÚ UDP »ò TCP Ö®ÉÏ)
            - ISO/OSI ÍøÂ·Ö§Ô® (ÒÔ ISODE Îª»ù´¡): TP4/CLNP/802.3 ÒÔ¼°
              TP0/CONS/X.25, session ¼°¸ü¸ß²ãµÄÐ¶¨Ôò·ÅÔÚ user space;
              FTAM, VT, X.500¡£

              /*
                 Òë×¢: FTAM ¸ú TCP/IP ÍøÂ·µÄ ftp Ð¶¨Ïàµ±
                       VT Ôò¸ú telnet Ïàµ±, X.500 ÔòÊÇ directory service
              */

            - ´ó²¿·ÖÊÇ POSIX.1 (ÌØ±ðÊÇÐÂÔöµÄ SV ÐÎÊ½ÖÕ¶Ë»úÇý¶¯³ÌÊ½),ÓÐºÜ¶à
              POSIX.2, ¸Ä½ø¹ýµÄ job control; ANSI C ±íÍ·µµ
            - Kerberos ÒÔÕûºÏÈëÏµÍ³ÄÚÐí¶àµØ·½ (°üº¬ NFS)
            - TCP/IP ¼ÓÇ¿ (°üº¬±íÍ·Ô¤²â, SLIP)
            - ÖØÒªµÄºËÐÄÐÞ¸Ä (ÐÂÊ½ÏµÍ³ºô½Ð¹ßÀý, ...)
            - ÆäËû¸Ä½ø: FIFOs, ÒÔÎ»Ôª×éÎª·¶Î§×öµµ°¸Ëø¶¨
            ÕýÊ½µÄ 4.4BSD °æ±¾ÔÀ´Ô¤¼ÆÔÚ alpha °æ 6 ¸öÔÂºó·¢±í¡£

            /* Òë×¢: ½á¹ûÊÇÔÚ '93 ÄêÁùÆßÔÂ¼ä·¢±í */

     Open Software Foundation(OSF) ÓÚ 1991 Äêµ×ÍÆ³öÁËOSF/1¡£OSF/1 ÐèÒª
     SVR2 ÊÚÈ¨¡£·ûºÏ SVID 2¡¢SVID 3¡¢POSIX¡¢X/Open µÈ±ê×¼¡£
     Apollo¡¢Dec¡¢HP¡¢IBM µÈ´ó³§ÉÌ¶¼ÊÇ OSF µÄ³ÉÔ±¡£

          - OSF/1 (1991):
            - ÒÔ Mach 2.5 µÄºËÐÄÎª»ù´¡
            - ¶Ô³ÆÊ½¶àÖØ´¦Àí, Æ½ÐÐ»¯µÄºËÐÄ, ´¦ÀíÐ÷£¨thread)
            - Âß¼Ê½ÈÝÁ¿£¨logical volumes), ´Åµú¾µÉä(disk mirroring),
              UFS (ÔÉúµÄ), S5 FS, NFS
            - ÏµÍ³°²È«Ö®¼ÓÇ¿(B1 ¼ÓÒ»Ð© B2, B3 »ò C2), 4.3BSD µÄÏµÍ³¹ÜÀí
            - STREAMS, TLI/XTI, sockets
            - ¹²ÓÃ³ÌÊ½¿â, ¶¯Ì¬³ÌÊ½ÔØÈëÆ÷ (°üÀ¨ºËÐÄ)
            - Motif GUI

          - Release 1.3 (Jun 94)
            - ÒÔ MACH 3.0 µÄÎ¢ºËÐÄÎª»ù´¡
            - ·ûºÏÄ¿Ç°¹æ¸ñ 1170 ²Ý°¸µÄ±ê×¼
             £¨ÔÚ X/Open µÄ Fast Track ³ÌÐòÖÐ¿¼ÂÇ¹ýÒª½«´Ë±ê×¼»¯£©
            - Data Capture I/F, Common Data Link I/F,
            - Ö§Ô®ISO 10646 Óë 64-bit
            - ÒÔ Mach 3.0 Îª»ù´¡µÄ OSF/1 MK (mircokernel)

     ÒÔÉÏ¹ØÓÚ Unix Ö÷ÒªÁ÷ÅÉµÄÁÐ±í»òÐí¸Ã°Ñ Microsoft µÄ Xenix Ò²ÁÐ³ö£¬Òò
     ÎªÓÐ²»ÉÙ Unix µÄ·ÖÖ§ÊÇÄÃ Xenix È¥¸ÄµÄ¡£Xenix ÊÇ´Ó V7¡¢System III¡¢
     System V ¸Ä³öÀ´µÄ£¬Íâ¹ÛÃ»Ê²Ã´ÖØ´óµÄ¸Ä±ä£¬ÄÚ²¿ÔòÎªÁËÇóµÃÔÚÎ¢µçÄÔÉÏ
     Ê¹ÓÃÊ±ÓÐ½ÏºÃµÄ±íÏÖ¶ø×öÁËÐ¡µÄ¸ü¶¯¡£

     ¹ØÓÚ Unix Á½´óÁ÷ÅÉµÄÄÚ²¿ÓÐÁ½±¾ºÃÊé¿É¹©²Î¿¼¡£
       - System V: "Design of the Unix Operating System", M.J. Bach.
       - BSD: "Design and Implementation of the 4.3BSD Unix Operating System",
         Leffler, McKusick, Karels, Quaterman.
     ¹ØÓÚ OSF/1 µÄ½éÉÜ¿É²Î¿¼ O'Reilly ³ö°æµÄ "Guide to OSF/1, A Technical
     Synopsis" Ò»Êé¡£¹ØÓÚ SunOS£¬¿É²Î¿¼ Summer 1989 USENIX Proceedings
     ÀïµÄ¡°Virtual Memory Architecture in SunOS" Óë "Shared Libraries in
     SunOS"¡£


     92 Äê 4 ÔÂºÅµÄ Unix Review ÓÐÒ»ÏµÁÐ¹ØÓÚ¸÷ÖÖ Unix Ö®·¢Õ¹·½Ïò¡£BSD-
     FAQ¼«ÓÐ²Î¿¼¼ÛÖµ£¬±¾ÎÄÖÐËùÌáµ½µÄ¼¸¸öÍøÂ·ÌÖÂÛÇøÒ²ÖµµÃ¿´¿´¡£


6.4)  Unix µÄ±ê×¼»¯

      Ä¿Ç°£¨95Äê³õ£© Unix ±ê×¼»¯µÄÖ÷Òª²ÎÓëÕß£º

       - Novell ÔÚ 93 Äê³õÂòÏÂ USL ³ÉÎªÔÊ¼³ÌÊ½µÄÓµÓÐÕß¡£
       - X/Open ¿É¾ö¶¨ËÄÜÊ¹ÓÃ "UNIX" Õâ¸öÉÌ±êµ±²úÆ·Ãû³Æ¡£
       - OSF ¾ßÓÐË«ÖØÉí·Ö£ºÆäÒ»Îª OSF/1 Óë Motif µÄ·¢Õ¹Õß£¬Æä¶þÎª COSE
         Ö®·¢Õ¹µÄ¼à¿Ø×éÖ¯¡£ OSF ÓÚ 1994 ÄêÖØ×éºó£¬Sun ³ÉÎªÁË OSF ÖÐ
         µÄÒ»Ô±£¬OSF Óë X/Open Ö®¼äµÄ¹ØÏµÒ²Õý³£»¯ÁË¡£
       - IEEE ¶©¶¨ POSIX Óë LAN µÄÏà¹Ø±ê×¼¡£
       - IBM¡¢Apple¡¢Motorola¡¢Bull ÒÔ¼°ÆäËû³§ÉÌºÏ×éÁË PowerOpen À´ÍÆ¶¯
         PowperPC¡£±ð°ÑËüÓëÒ»¸öÒ²½Ð×ö PowerOpen µÄÍ¼ÐÎ»·¾³¸ã»ìÁË¡£

      µ×ÏÂÊÇÒ»Ð©Óë Unix ÓÐ¹ØµÄ±ê×¼Ö®¼òÊö£º

       - IEEE:
         - 802.x (LAN) standards (LLC, ethernet, token ring, token bus)
         - POSIX (ISO 9945?): Portable Operating System I/F (Unix, VMS
           and OS/2!) (Ä¿Ç°Î¨Ò»ÒÑ¶¨°¸µÄ±ê×¼?)
           - 1003.1:  º¯Êý¿â(´ó²¿·ÖÊÇ system call) -- ³ýÁË signals Óë
                      terminal ½çÃæÍâ¶àÈ¡×ÔÓÚ V7
           - 1003.2:  shell Óë¹«ÓÃ³ÌÊ½
           - 1003.3:  ²âÊÔ·½·¨ÓëºÏ¸ñ±ê×¼
           - 1003.4:  real-time: binary semaphores, process memory
                      locking, memory-mapped files, shared memory,
                      priority scheduling, real-time signals, clocks and
                      timers, IPC message passing, synchronized I/O,
                      asynchronous I/O, real-time files

                      /* Òë×¢: ·ÁË·´¶ø¿´²»¶®... :)
                      ¼´Ê±ÐÔ: Ë«Ì¬ÐÅºÅ¡¢Ö´ÐÐÌå¼ÇÒäÌåËø¶¨¡¢¼ÇÒäÌåÓ³¶Ôµµ°¸¡¢
                      ¹²ÓÃ¼ÇÒäÌå¡¢ÓÅÏÈÐòÅÅ³Ì¡¢¼´Ê±Í¨¸æ¡¢Ê±ÂöÓë¶¨Ê±Æ÷¡¢
                      IPC Ñ¶Ï¢´«ËÍ¡¢Í¬²½Êä³öÈë¡¢·ÇÍ¬²½Êä³öÈë¡¢¼´Ê±µµ°¸¡£
                      */

           - 1003.5:  Ada language bindings
           - 1003.6:  ÏµÍ³°²È«
           - 1003.7:  ÏµÍ³¹ÜÀí(°üÀ¨Ó¡±í)
           - 1003.8:  Í¸Í¨Ê½µµ°¸´æÈ¡£¨transparent file access£©
           - 1003.9:  FORTRAN language bindings
           - 1003.10: ¸ßËÙ¼ÆËã£¨super computing£©
           - 1003.12: ÓëÐ¶¨ÖÖÀàÎÞ¹ØµÄ½éÃæ£¨protocol-independent I/Fs£©
           - 1003.13: ¼´Ê±Íâ¹Û£¨real-time profiles£©
           - 1003.15: ¸ßËÙ¼ÆËãÅú´Î´¦Àí½éÃæ£¨supercomputing batch I/Fs£©
           - 1003.16: C-language bindings (?)
           - 1003.17: directory services
           - 1003.18: POSIX standardized profile
           - 1003.19: FORTRAN 90 language bindings

       - X/Open (ÓÉ³§ÉÌ³ïÉèµÄ×éÖ¯, ³ÉÁ¢ÓÚ 1984 Äê):
         - X/Open Portability Guides (XPGn):
           - XPG2 (1987), ·Ç³£ÇãÏò SV
             Vol 1:  ÃüÁîÓë¹«ÓÃ³ÌÊ½
             Vol 2:  ÏµÍ³ºô½ÐÓëº¯Êý¿â
             Vol 3:  terminal ½çÃæ(curses, termio), IPC (SV),
                     ¹ú¼Ê»¯
             Vol 4:  ³ÌÊ½ÓïÑÔ (C, COBOL!)
             Vol 5:  ×ÊÁÏ¹ÜÀí(ISAM, SQL)
           - XPG3 (1989) adds: X11 API
           - XPG4 (1992) adds: XTI? 22 ¸öÔª¼þ
         - XOM ÏµÁÐµÄ½éÃæ£º
           - XOM (X/Open Object Management) Ðè×ñÑµÄÍ¨ÓÃ½éÃæ»úÖÆ£¨generic
             I/F mechanisms for following£©
           - XDS (X/Open Directory Service)
           - XMH (X/Open Mail ??)
           - XMP (X/Open Management Protocols) -- ²»ÊÇ Bull's CM API?
         - X/Open ´ËÊ±ÒÑÓÐÈ¨¹ÜÀí "UNIX" ÉÌ±ê ('93 Äêµ×);
         - "Spec 1170"
           - ´Ë¹æ¸ñÄ¿Ç°ÕýÔÚ³ï±¸µ±ÖÐ,ÊÇÒ»¸ö¹²Í¨µÄ API, ÒªÊ¹ÓÃ UNIX Õâ¸ö
             Ãû³ÆµÄ³§ÉÌ±ØÐè×ñÑ´Ë API µÄ¹æ¸ñ¡£ÕâÊÇ½áºÏ SVID¡¢OSF µÄ AES
             ÓëÆäËû¶«¶«¶ø³É¡£

       - AT&T
         (ÔÚ 1994 ÄêºóÕâÐ©ÒÑ¾ÎÞ¹Ø½ôÒªÁË? ÏÖÔÚÊÇË¸ºÔð SVID, TLI, APLI?)
         - System V Interface Definition (SVID)
           - SVID1 (1985, SVR2)
             Vol 1:  ÏµÍ³ºô½ÐÓëº¯Êý¿â(ÀàËÆXPG2.1)
           - SVID2 (1986, SVR3)
             Vol 1:  ÏµÍ³ºôÐÓëº¯Êý¿â(»ù´¡,ºËÐÄÑÓÉì)
             Vol 2:  Ö¸ÁîÓë¹«ÓÃ³ÌÊ½ (»ù´¡,½ø½×,¹ÜÀí,ÈíÌå·¢Õ¹
                     ), ÖÕ¶Ë»ú½éÃæ
             Vol 3:  ÖÕ¶Ë»ú½éÃæ(ÓÖÀ´ÁË), STREAMS and TLI, RFS
           - SVID3 (19??, SVR4) adds
             Vol 4:  ??  &c
         - APIs
           - Transport Library Interface (TLI)
           - ACSE/Presentation Library Interface (APLI)

       - COSE (COmmon Open Software Environment) [IBM, HP, SunSoft, others]:
         Ä¿µÄÔÚÊ¹²»Í¬µÄ Unix Æ½Ì¨¿ÉÒÔ¸ü½ôÃÜµØ½áºÏ¡£
         ´ó¸Å¿ÉÒÔ»®·ÖÎªµ×ÏÂ¼¸¸öÏîÄ¿:
         - ×ÀÃæ»·¾³
         - Ó¦ÓÃ³ÌÊ½µÄAPI (Ò²¾ÍÊÇSpec 1170 -- Ò»¸öÍ³Ò»µÄ³ÌÊ½½éÃæ) --
           ¿ÉÄÜÊÇÄ¿Ç°ÎªÖ¹×îÖØÒªµÄ³É¾Í¡£ÏûÃÖÁËSCO¡¢AIX¡¢Solaris¡¢
           HP-UX¡¢UnixWare ¼äµÄ²îÒì¡£
         - ·ÖÉ¢Ê½¼ÆËã»·¾³(OSF µÄDCE Óë SunSoft µÄONC)
         - Îï¼þ¼¼Êõ (OMG µÄ CORBA)
         - »æÍ¼
         - ¶àÃ½Ìå
         - ÏµÍ³¹ÜÀí

       - PowerOpen Environment (POE)ÓÉ PowerOpen Association(POA) ËùÍÆ¶¯¡£
         ÊÇ¸öÔÚ PowerPC Õâ¿Å chip ÉÏ ÓÃµÄ Unix-like OS µÄ±ê×¼¡£¶¨ÒåÁË£º
         - Ò»¸öAPI (Ó¦ÓÃ³ÌÊ½½éÃæ£¬Ö÷ÒªÔ´ÓÚ AIX, ·ûºÏ POSIX¡¢
           XPG4¡¢Motif¡¢Óë C µÄ±ê×¼) Óë
         - Ò»¸öABI (application binary i/f)£¬ÕâÊÇÓëÆäËû±ê×¼²îÒì×î´óÖ®´¦£¬
           POSIX, XPG4, &c.¶¼Ã»ÓÐÕâ¸ö¶«Î÷¡£ÈÎºÎ·ûºÏ POE µÄÏµÍ³Ó¦¸Ã¿ÉÒÔ
           Ö´ÐÐËùÓÐµÄ POE ÈíÌå¡£
         ÖØÒªµÄÌØÉ«£º
         - ½¨¹¹ÓÚ PowerPC ÉÏ
         - ÓëÓ²Ìå»ãÁ÷ÅÅÎÞ¹Ø
         - ´ÓÏ¥ÉÏÐÍµçÄÔµ½³¬¼¶µçÄÔ¶¼¿ÉÒÔÓÃµÄÏµÍ³
         - ±ØÐëÊÇ¸ö¶àÈË¶à¹¤µÄ×÷ÒµÏµÍ³
         - Ö§Ô®ÍøÂ·
         - X windows µÄÀ©³ä, Motif
         - ÊÇ·ñ·ûºÏ±ê×¼ÓÉÒ»¸ö¶ÀÁ¢µÄ»ú¹¹(POA)À´²âÊÔÓëÈÏ¶¨
         AIX 4.1.1 ½«»á·ûºÏPowerOpen¡£MacOS Ä¿Ç°²»×ñÑ PowerOpen,Ò²
         ²»´òËã×ñÑ PowerOpen¡£
         [ÒÔÉÏÈ¡×ÔÓÚcomp.sys.powerpc µÄ powerpc-faq]

         IBM ÔÚ COSE Óë POE ÖÐ¶¼²ôÁËÒ»½Å£¬ÕâÁ½¸ö×éÖ¯»áÓÐÔõÑùµÄ¹ØÏµÆÄ
         ÁîÈËÍæÎ¶¡£


6.5)  ÄãËùÓÃµÄ Unix ÊÇÄÄÒ»ÖÖÁ÷ÅÉ¡£

     Õâ¸öÐ¡½ÚÁÐ³öÒ»Ð©²ÄÁÏ¹©Äú²Î¿¼,¿´¿´ÄÜ²»ÄÜÈÃÄú½å´ËÕÒ³öÄúËùÓÃµÄ UNIX
     ÊôÓÚÄÄÒ»ÖÖÁ÷ÅÉ¡£ÓÉÓÚ¸÷Á÷ÅÉÖ®¼äµÄ³ÌÊ½Âë»òÏë·¨ÉÏ¶¼»á´óÁ¿½»Á÷,
     ¶øÇÒ³§ÉÌÒ²»á×ÔÐÐÐí¶àÐÞ¸Ä,Òò´Ë,ÀàËÆ¡¸±¾ Unix ÊÇ SVR2¡¹ÕâÒ»ÀàµÄËµ·¨,
     ³äÆäÁ¿Ö»ÊÇÍ³¼ÆÉÏµÄÐðÊö£¨µ«ÓÐÐ© SVRn µÄÒÆÖ²³ýÍâ£©¡£

     Ò²ÓÐÐí¶à Unix Í¬Ê±Ìá¹©ÕâÁ½¸öÊÀ½çµÄ´ó¶àÊý¹¦ÄÜ£¨²»ÂÛÊÇÏñ SunOS Ò»Ñù
     °ÑÕâÁ½¸öÊÀ½çÈÚºÏÔÚÒ»Æð,»òÕßÏñ Apollo Ò»Ñù°ÑÕâÁ½¸öÊÀ½ç×öÑÏ¸ñµÄ»®·Ö£©¡£
     ËùÒÔÕâ¸öÐ¡½ÚÒ²ÐíÃ»ÄÇÃ´ÓÐÓÃ...¡£

     Ç°Ò»Ð¡½ÚËùÁÐ³öµÄÌØÐÔÒ²ÓÐµã¶ù°ïÖú¡£ÀýÈç,Èç¹ûÄ³Ò»¸öÏµÍ³ÓÐ poll(2) µ«
     Ã»ÓÐ select(2),ÄÇËüºÜÓÐ¿ÉÄÜÊÇ´Ó SRV3 ÑÜÉú³öÀ´µÄ¡£Í¬Ê±,ÄúÒ²¿ÉÒÔ´Ó OS
     µÄÃüÃû»òÕß´ÓÇ©µ½Ñ¶Ï¢µ±ÖÐ,ÕÒ³öÒ»Ð©ÖëË¿Âí¼££¨ÀýÈç SGI µÄ IRIX SVR3.3.2)
     ;´ËÍâ,ÄúÒ²¿ÉÒÔÀûÓÃ "uname -a" Ö¸ÁîµÄÊä³ö¡£ÕÒÑ°Ä³Ð©Ö¸ÁîÊÇ·ñ´æÔÚÒ²ÊÇ
     ÅÐ¶ÏµÄÏßË÷,µ«ÊÇÖ±½ÓÌ½ÌÖºËÐÄµÄÌØÐÔ¿ÉÄÜÊÇ±È½Ï¿É¿¿µÄ×ö·¨¡£ÀýÈçÖÕ¶Ë»ú
     ³õÊ¼»¯µÄ·½Ê½£¨inittab »ò ttys) ¾ÍÊÇÒ»¸ö½Ï¿É¿¿µÄÖ¸Ê¾,Õâ±ÈÆð´ÓÁÐÓ¡
     ×ÓÏµÍ³ÅÐ¶ÏÀ´µÄ¿É¿¿£

       ÌØÐÔ              SVRx µÄµäÐÍ             xBSD µÄµäÐÍ

       ºËÐÄÃû³Æ          /unix                   /vmunix
       ÖÕ¶Ë»úÆô¶¯        /etc/inittab            /etc/ttys (only getty to 4.3)
       ¿ª»úÆô¶¯          /etc/rc.d directories   /etc/rc.* files
       ¼Ó¹Òµµ°¸ÏµÍ³      /etc/mnttab             /etc/mtab
       ³£ÓÃµÄshell       sh, ksh                 csh, #! hack
       ÔÉúµµ°¸ÏµÍ³      S5 (blk: 512-2K)        UFS (blk: 4K-8K)
                         µµ°¸Ãû³Æ <= 14 bytes    µµ°¸Ãû³Æ < 255 bytes
       Èº×é              ±ØÐëÊ¹ÓÃ newgrp(1)      ×Ô¶¯¼ÓÈë³ÉÔ±
                         SVR4: ¶àÖØÈº×é
       ÁÐÓ¡×ÓÏµÍ³        lp, lpstat, cancel      lpr, lpq, lprm (lpd daemon) ??
       ÖÕ¶Ë»ú¿ØÖÆ        termio, terminfo,       termios (sgtty before 4.3reno)
                         SVR4: termios (POSIX)   termcap
       ¹¤×÷¿ØÖÆ          >= SVR4                 yes
       ps Ö¸Áî           ps -ef                  ps -aux
       ¶àÖØµÈ´ý          poll                    select
       ×Ö´®º¯Êý          memset, memcpy          bzero, bcopy
       ³ÌÐò¶ÔÓ³          /proc  (SVR4)

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6.6)  Çë¼òÒª½éÉÜÒ»Ð©ÖªÃûµÄ (ÉÌÒµ»¯/PD) Unix

       ÎÒÒ»µãÒ²²»ÂúÒâÕâ½ÚµÄÄÚÈÝ,ºÜ²»ÐÒµØÎÒ¼ÈÃ»ÓÐÊ±¼äÒ²Ã»ÓÐÎÄ¼þÈÃËüµÄ
       ÄÚÈÝ¸üÎªÍêÉÆ¡£ÔÚ´ËÖ»ÁÐ³öÒ»Ð©½Ï¶àÈËÊ¹ÓÃµÄ Unix, ÖÁÓÚÆäËûÐ¡ÐÍ»ò
       Õß·ÇÃÀ¹úµØÇø³öÆ·µÄ Unix Ò²»¶Ó²¹³ä,ÏñÊÇ Eurix¡£Õâ²¿·Ö»¹ÒªÔÙÖØ
       Ð´Ò»´Î¡£
       /* Òë×¢: ÕâÒ»¶ÎÎÒÒ²·µÃ²»Ì«ÂúÒâ, Ò²Òª¸úÖøÖØÒëÒ»´Î :) */

       Õâ¸öÐ¡½ÚÒÀ×ÖÄ¸Ë³ÐòÁÐ³öÒ»Ð©¹ãÎªÈËÖªµÄ Unix,²¢ÇÒ¶ÔËûÃÇµÄ±¾ÐÔ×ö
       ¼òÒªµÄÐðÊö¡£ºÜ²»ÐÒµÄ,ÔÚ¶¨ÒåÉÏËü¼¸ºõ¹ýÊ±ÁË...

       (Ö»ÅÅÁÐ×ÖÄ¸,µ«ºöÂÔÊý×ÖÓëÆäËû×ÖÔª£©

       AIX:  IBM µÄ Unix, ÊÇ¸ù¾Ý SVR2 (×î½üÒÑ¾³öµ½ SVR3.2?) ÒÔ¼°³Ì¶È²»Ò»µÄ
          BSD ÑÓÉì¶øÀ´, ²¢¼ÓÉÏ¸÷ÖÖÓ²ÌåµÄÖ§Ô®¡£¾ß±¸ÌØÓÐµÄÏµÍ³¹ÜÀí(SMIT)¡£
          Í¬Ê±¾ßÓÐ 850 Óë Latin-1 CPs (Code Page, ÄÚÂëÒ³)¡£Ëü²»½ö¸ú´ó¶àÊýµÄ
          Unix ²»ÏàÍ¬,Á¬ AIX ¸÷°æ±¾Ö®¼äÒ²ÓÐÐí¶àÏàÒìÖ®´¦¡£
          ÍøÂ·ÌÖÂÛÇø: comp.unix.aix.
          - 1.x (for 386 PS/2)
          - 2.x (for PC RTs)
          - 3.x (for RS/6000), ·ÖÒ³Ê½ºËÐÄ,Âß¼Ê½ÈÝÁ¿¹ÜÀí³ÌÊ½,¹ú¼Ê»¯;
            3.2 ÐÂÔö TLI/STREAMS.  ÒÔ SV ÎªºËÐÄ²¢¼ÓÉÏÐí¶à¸Ä½ø¡£
            4.1 ÊÇ×îÐÂ°æ (°üÀ¨¶Ô PowerPC µÄÖ§Ô®?)
          - AIX/ESA, ÔÀ´ÊÇÔÚ S/370 and S/390 ´óÐÍÖ÷»úÉÏÖ´ÐÐµÄ,ËüÊÇ¸ù¾Ý OSF/1¡£
            AIX ±¾À´»á³ÉÎª OSF/1 µÄ»ù´¡,µ«ºóÀ´ OSF/1 Ñ¡ÓÃ Mach ×÷Îª»ù´¡¡£
          ÎÒÏ£ÍûÕâ¸öÐ¡½ÚÄÜÐ´µ½ÕâÀï¾ÍºÃ :-)

       AOS (IBM):  ÒÆÖ²µ½ IBM PC RT µÄ 4.3BSD (ÕâÊÇÎª½ÌÓýµ¥Î»×öµÄ).
       ËüµÄÃû³ÆËäÈ» DG ×¨ÓÐµÄ OS Ãû³ÆÏàÍ¬,µ«Á½ÕßÊÇ½ØÈ»²»Í¬µÄ¶«Î÷¡£

       Arix:  SV

       A3000UX (Commodore): ÒÔ 68030 Îª»ù´¡µÄ SVR4 Unix (?),ÓÃÓÚ Amiga¡£

       A/UX (Apple): SV ¼ÓÉÏ°Ø¿ËÀ³µÄ¼ÓÇ¿¹¦ÄÜ, NFS, Mac GUI.  System 6
          (Ò²¾ÍÊÇºóÀ´µÄ System 7) ¿ÉÒÔµ±³É A/UX µÄ³ÌÊ½Ö´ÐÐ (Óë MachTen Ïà·´)¡£
          ÍøÂ·ÌÖÂÛÇø: comp.unix.aux.
          - 2.0:  SVR2 ¼ÓÉÏ 4.2BSD, system 6 Mac Ó¦ÓÃ³ÌÊ½¡£
          - 3.0 (1992): SVR2.2 with 4.3BSD and SVR3/4 ÑÓÉì; X11R4,
            MacX, TCP/IP, NFS, NIS, RPC/XDR, ¸÷Àà shells, UFS »ò S5FS.
            System 7 Ó¦ÓÃ³ÌÊ½.
          - 4.0 ½«°üº¬ OSF/1£¨»òÕß¾ÍÊÇ OSF/1)¡£

       3B1 (680x0): ¸ù¾Ý SV,ÊÇ Convergent Ìæ AT&T Íê³ÉµÄ¡£
          ÍøÂ·ÌÖÂÛÇø: comp.sys.3b1.

       BNR/2: ´ú±í BSD Net/2 Release? °üº¬ NetBSD/1, FreeBSD¡£

       BOS for Bull's DPX/2 (680x0)
          - V1 (1990): SVR3 ¼ÓÉÏ BSD ÑÓÉì (FFS, select, sockets),
            ¶Ô³ÆÊ½ MP, X11R3
          - V2 (1991): ¼ÓÉÏ¹¤×÷¿ØÖÆ, ´Åµú¾µÉä, C2 ÏµÍ³°²È«,
            DCE ÑÓÉì
          - Bull's PPC ¹¤×÷Õ¾Ò²ÓÐ BOS/X, ÒÔ¼°Óë AIX ÏàÈÝµÄ Unix
            ÖÁÓÚÉÏÊöÁ½ÕßÖ®¼äµÄ¹ØÏµÔòÎ´Öª¡£

       386BSD: Jolitz's ´Ó Net/2 software ÒÆÖ²¹ýÀ´µÄ¡£Ö§Ô® Posix, 32 Î»Ôª,
            ÈÔÔÚ alpha ²âÊÔ½×¶Î¡£(Ä¿Ç°°æ±¾Îª 0.1 °æ)¡£

         /* Òë×¢: Ä¿Ç°ÒÑ³öµ½ 1.0 °æ, DDJ ÒªÄÃÀ´ÂôÇ®µÄ  */

       BSD/386 (80386): À´×Ô BSDI, ¸½ÔÊ¼³ÌÊ½ (ÔöÇ¿µÄ Net2 ÈíÌå)
          ÍøÂ·ÌÖÂÛÇø: comp.unix.bsd.

         /* ¸ÄÃûÎª BSD/OS, °æ±¾ 2.x ÊÇÒÔ 4.4BSD Îª»ù´¡ */

       Chorus/MiXV: ¼ÜÔÚ Chorus ºËÐÄÖ®ÉÏµÄ Unix SVR3.2 (SVR4), ABI/BCS.

       Coherent (80286):  ÁíÒ»ÖÖ Unix,Óë V7 ÏàÈÝ, ÓÐÒ»Ð© SVR2 µÄ¶«¶«(IPC).
          V4.0 ÊÇ 32 Î»ÔªµÄ¡£ÍøÂ·ÌÖÂÛÇø: comp.os.coherent

       Consensys: SVR4.2

       CTIX: ¸ù¾Ý SV, À´×Ô Convergent

       D-NIX:  SV

       DC/OSx (Pyramid):  SVR4.

       DELL UNIX [DELL µçÄÔ¹«Ë¾.]: SVR4

       DomainIX: Çë²ÎÔÄµ×ÏÂµÄ DomainOS¡£

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