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33.12 展望

  尽管自1967年Dudrick等进行中心静脉营养得到突破以来,胃肠外营养取得很大的进展,挽救了不少危重病人。但营养学涉及的面很广,仍有许多问题尚未完善解决。占滴的改进都可进一步提高疗效。比如,脂肪乳剂的试制成功,除解决了必需脂肪酸的供给外,还为胃肠外营养提供了一种可经周围静脉输注的等渗、高热量制剂,减少了输注液体的总量。又如,对氨基酸的认识,改变了过去对肝、肾功能不全病人的极不合理的低氮饮食疗法。当前,正在对支链氨基酸进行深入的研究,以寻求一种适合于有严重应激反应的病人应用的有效制剂。对现有按Rose所建议的模式设计的氨基酸配方是否适用于代谢已发生变异的情况,也在进行研究。此外,一些学者正在探索某些中、短链脂肪酸,以及一些α-酮酸作为非蛋白热量底物的可能性和实用性。对糖和脂肪在胃肠外营养中的单独和联合应用,也正在做深入的研究。对微量元素的代谢奥秘也正予以揭晓。有些单位还在探索分子营养学(Molecular Nutrition)的问题。

  总之,任何进展对营养支持疗法,尤其是胃肠外营养,都将使之更趋完善,进一步提高疗效。这些课题都在等特着我们去研究探索。临床营养虽不是纯属理论性的研究范畴,但也有足够的待研究课题,使我们可以大有作为,为人类造福。

参考文献

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